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The theremin, named for inventor Leon Theremin, is a musical instrument that uses electronic circuits to produce audible tones,
having the unusual aspect of being controlled by the player's hand motions near the instrument's two "antennas," without the hands
touching the instrument. One hand is used to control the theremin's pitch, and the other hand is used to control the volume.
In these pages, I will share some of my theremin design ideas, exploring various technical aspects of this amazing instrument.


Contents ©1996 through 2023 by Arthur Harrison
e-mail: diy@harrisoninstruments.com



The Principle of the Theremin
 



A Commentary by Art Harrison

A musician's proficiency on a specific instrument partly depends on his knowledge of its physical properties,
specifically in terms of how it needs to be adjusted in order to provide adequate response to "actuation."

For a vast majority of instruments that operate on the conventional principles of actuation, that is, being blown
into, plucked, or struck, milenia of experience has provided a set of rules that allow our ability to create music
with them a well-established art. Methods for virtually every orchestral instrument abound and are easily
accessible to the student.

With the emergence of the class called "electrophones" in the early 20th century, instruments such as the
theremin appeared which starkly departed from the conventional playing methods that apply to the
millenia-old ones that are part and parcel to human experience. Suddenly, the concept of physically
touching instruments in order to play them was dismissed, replaced with the concept that gestures near
them would be used for the method, instead. Now, the quality of performance and the complex rules of
musician-to-instrument interaction no longer specifically depended on such things as the physical adjustment
of strings, mechanical valves, levers, and pistons, but necessarily included more-abstract (and invisible)
attributes such as the capacitance between the musician and instrument.

An insurmountable edict of nature proves that the relationship of the response of an instrument to physical
actuation includes a plethora of non-linear effects. For example, the criticality of an adjustment of the bridge
on a guitar or the position of a reed in a saxophone must be rather exact in order for the instrument to
respond effectively to actuation. While the parameters of adjustment may seem non-critical to the uninitiated,
the actual criticality of these parameters are daunting. That is why there are subject matter experts who
specialize, for example, in "setting up" a guitar, or tuning a piano.

The adjustments of parts on a conventional instrument are facilitated by the physical appearance of things
such as bridges, valves, frets, and reeds. For example, it is relatively easy to see when a fret is worn or a
tuning peg is loose. However this may not be the case for instruments such as the theremin, where the
cause of a malfunction may be due to something completely invisible, such as an interfering electrical field
from a lighting fixture or cell phone. More subtle causes of malfunction may be caused by other non-obvious
conditions such as a poor electrical connection to earth's ground, the length of a connecting wire, the lack
of electrical shielding, the slight motion of an output cord on a breezy day, the proximity of surrounding
objects or, for many instruments, the ambient temperature.

All these factors make the practical use of theremins relatively difficult. In order to use them with good effect,
the player virtually has to be both a musician and an electrical engineer with specific knowledge of its design
principles, or at least have ready such expertise when there are problems.

All these factors are contributors to the fact that even after more than a century, there are very few musicians
who play the theremin. This is because making one work, especially in an environment where myriad undefined
electrical conditions may exist (such as at a performance venue) is often a difficult task.

Arthur Harrison
CEO, Harrison Instruments, Inc.
March 6, 2022
©2022 Arthur Harrison


Website Contents

Title

Published

Notes

THE 2006 "MINIMUM THEREMIN"

09-06-2006

An Improved Version of the Minimum Theremin

THE "126 THEREMIN"

08-23-2002

A Complete Vacuum Tube Theremin

THE "125 THEREMIN"

07-13-2002

A Vacuum Tube Pitch Theremin

THE "203 THEREMIN"

09-22-2001

A Battery-Operated Version of the Wien-Bridge Theremin

THE "145 THEREMIN"

11-19-2000

An Improved Version of the 144 Theremin

"THE WIEN BRIDGE THEREMIN"

10-16-1999

A Theremin without Inductors

THE "MINIMUM THEREMIN"

05-17-1999

A Very Simple Pitch Theremin

THE "144 THEREMIN"

09-18-1998

An Improved Version of the
Southwest Technical Products Model 142 Theremin





Technical Articles

Title

Published

Notes

Lucie Rosen's Theremin

10-27-2013

A Clear Representation of the Schematic from the Rosen Estate

Clara Rockmore's Theremin

10-14-2013 A Clear Representation of the Schematic Based on Robert Moog's Drawings

The Glasgow Digital Theremin

11-04-2003

An Analysis of the Article by Kenneth D. Skeldon, et al*

The RCA Theremin

06-22-2001

A Technical Exposé of the First Commercially-Produced Theremin*

A Simple Electronic Musical Instrument
The THEREMIN

07-09-1999

Reprint of a Feature by Ernest J. Schultz
from
RADIO AND TELEVISION NEWS, October, 1949
*

Infrared Optical Theremin
Technical Disclosure

03-28-1996

A Theremin Based on Reflected Light

*Applicable content are the copyrighted properties of their respective owners.





General Articles

Title

Published

Notes

ABOUT THE THEREMIN

04-30-2000

.

INTRODUCTION TO THE THEREMIN

06-26-1999

Elementary School
Text.





Circuit Library

Title

Published

Notes

CIRCUIT LIBRARY

03-23-1998

Miscellaneous Circuits





Suggested Reading


Hailed as the consummate treatise on the Cold War and Leon Theremin,
Dr. Albert Glinsky's work,

"Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage"

is a fascinating overview of Theremin's life.

480 pages, 75 photographs
(ISBN: 978-0-252-07275-8)

Available at:

Barnes and Noble

University of Illinois Press



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